Ghughutiya: The Winter Festival of Makar Sankranti in Kumaon

What is Ghughutiya?

Ghughutiya (घुघुतिया) is a unique winter festival celebrated in the Kumaon region on the occasion of Makar Sankranti (January 14). Also known as Uttarayani, it is one of the most beloved festivals of Kumaoni culture.

The Legend

According to local legend, a cruel minister named Ghughuti was overthrown with the help of crows. Since then, crows have been considered sacred messengers, and the festival honors their role.

Traditions

Making Ghughute

The highlight of the festival is making Ghughute — deep-fried bread shapes made from sweetened wheat dough:

• Sword shapes — symbolizing bravery
• Drums — representing celebration
• Pomegranates — for prosperity
• Various animal shapes — connecting to nature

The Crow Calling

On the morning of the festival, children wake early and:

1. Thread the Ghughute shapes into garlands
2. Wear them around their necks
3. Go outdoors and call out to crows
4. Offer the bread to the crows while singing:

"Kale Kauwa Kale, Ghughuti Mala Khale" (Come black crow, eat the Ghughuti garland)

It is believed that if a crow comes and eats the offering quickly, the coming year will bring good fortune to the family.

Uttarayani Mela

The festival coincides with the famous Uttarayani Mela (fair) held at various locations across Kumaon, the largest being at Bageshwar at the confluence of the Saryu and Gomti rivers.

The fair features:

• Traditional crafts and goods
• Folk music and dance performances
• Religious bathing at river confluences
• Cultural programs

Traditional Food

Special dishes prepared for Ghughutiya include:

• Ghughute (the star of the festival)
• Pua (sweet rice pancakes)
• Kheer (rice pudding)
• Seasonal fruits and sweets

Cultural Significance

Ghughutiya represents:

• Harmony with nature — honoring birds and animals
• Agricultural cycle — marking the sun's northward journey
• Community spirit — bringing families and neighborhoods together
• Children's joy — one of the few festivals centered around children

Modern Celebrations

Pahadi communities worldwide now celebrate Ghughutiya, sharing photos of their Ghughute creations on social media and teaching the traditions to children born far from the mountains.